D. John Sauer
                
                    Counsel of Record
 
                
                
            
            
                
                    
                        Solicitor General
                    
                    
                        United States Department of Justice
                    
                        950 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW
                                     
                    Washington, DC 20530-0001
                       
                        SUPREMECTBRIEFS@USDOJ.GOV
                       
                Ph: 202-514-2217
                Party name: United States
              
          
        
            
                Bryan Howard Beauman
                
                    Counsel of Record
 
                
                
            
            
                
                    
                        Sturgill, Turner, Barker & Moloney, PLLC
                    
                    
                        333 W. Vine Street, Ste 1500
                                     
                    Lexington, KY 40507
                       
                        bbeauman@sturgillturner.com
                       
                Ph: 859-255-8581
                Party name: 48 Members of the Congress
              
          
        
            
                William Bock III
                
                    Counsel of Record
 
                
                
            
            
                
                    
                        Kroger, Gardis & Regas, LLP
                    
                    
                        111  Monument Circle
                    
                        Suite 900
                                     
                    Indianapolis, IN 46204-5125
                       
                        wbock@kgrlaw.com
                       
                Ph: 317-777-7412
                Party name: International Consortium on Female Sport
              
          
        
            
                William Bock III
                
                    Counsel of Record
 
                
                
            
            
                
                    
                        Kroger, Gardis & Regas, LLP
                    
                    
                        111  Monument Circle
                    
                        Suite 900
                                     
                    Indianapolis, IN 46204-5125
                       
                        wbock@kgrlaw.com
                       
                Ph: 317-777-7412
                Party name: Independent Council on Women's Sport
              
          
        
            
                William Bock III
                
                    Counsel of Record
 
                
                
            
            
                
                    
                        Kroger, Gardis & Regas, LLP
                    
                    
                        111  Monument Circle
                    
                        Suite 900
                                     
                    Indianapolis, IN 46204-5125
                       
                        wbock@kgrlaw.com
                       
                Ph: (317) 777-7412
                Party name: Emma Hilton PhD and the International Consortium on Female Sport
              
          
        
            
                William Bock III
                
                    Counsel of Record
 
                
                
            
            
                
                    
                        Kroger, Gardis & Regas, LLP
                    
                    
                        111 Monument Circle
                    
                        Suite 900
                                     
                    Indianapolis, IN 46204-5125
                       
                        wbock@kgrlaw.com
                       
                Ph: (317) 777-7412
                Party name: Riley Gaines and 32 College Athletes
              
          
        
            
                Kristine Lee Brown
                
                    Counsel of Record
 
                
                
            
            
                
                    
                        Attorney At Law
                    
                    
                        8700 E Jefferson Ave #370953
                                     
                    Denver, CO 80237
                       
                        kristiburtonbrown@gmail.com
                       
                Ph: 720-285-9552
                Party name: 102 Female Athletes
              
          
        
            
                Jay Randall Carson
                
                    Counsel of Record
 
                
                
            
            
                
                    
                        Wegman Hessler Valore
                    
                    
                        6055 Rockside Woods Blvd. North
                    
                        Suite 200
                                     
                    Cleveland, OH 44131
                       
                        jrcarson@wegmanlaw.com
                       
                Ph: 216-642-3342
                Party name: True Blue Sapphires, Inc.
              
          
        
            
                Frederick W. Claybrook Jr.
                
                    Counsel of Record
 
                
                
            
            
                
                    
                        Claybrook, LLC
                    
                    
                        655 Fifteenth St., NW, Ste. 425
                                     
                    Washington, DC 20005
                       
                        rick@claybrooklaw.com
                       
                Ph: 301-622-0360
                Party name: Thomas Hartley, MD, et al.
              
          
        
            
                Frederick W. Claybrook Jr.
                
                    Counsel of Record
 
                
                
            
            
                
                    
                        Claybrook, LLC
                    
                    
                        655 Fifteenth St., NW, Ste. 425
                                     
                    Washington, DC 20005
                       
                        rick@claybrooklaw.com
                       
                Ph: 301-622-0360
                Party name: Thomas Hartley, MD, Pacific Justice Institute, National Legal Foundation, Illinois Family Institute
              
          
        
            
                James E. Coleman Jr.
                
                    Counsel of Record
 
                
                
            
            
                
                    
                        Duke University School of Law
                    
                    
                        210 Science Drive
                    
                        Box 90360
                                     
                    Durham, NC 27708
                       
                        jcoleman@law.duke.edu
                       
                Ph: (919) 613-7057
                Party name: Brief of Professors Richard J. Auchus, David J. Handelsman, Sandra K. Hunter, Michael J. Joyner, Benjamin D. Levine, and Virginia M. Miller
              
          
        
            
                Teresa Stanton Collett
                
                    Counsel of Record
 
                
                
            
            
                
                    
                    
                        3195 Red Oak Drive
                                     
                    Eagan, MN 55121
                       
                        teresa.collett@proton.me
                       
                Ph: (651) 271-2958
                Party name: Reem Alsalem United Nations Special Rapporteur on Violence Against Women and Girls, its Causes and Consequences
              
          
        
            
                John Michael Connolly
                
                    Counsel of Record
 
                
                
            
            
                
                    
                        Consovoy McCarthy PLLC
                    
                    
                        1600 Wilson Blvd., Ste. 700
                                     
                    Arlington, VA 22209
                       
                        MIKE@CONSOVOYMCCARTHY.COM
                       
                Ph: (703) 243-9423
                Party name: Defending Education
              
          
        
            
                Kara Patrice Dansky
                
                    Counsel of Record
 
                
                
            
            
                
                    
                        Attorney at Law
                    
                    
                        P.O. Box 21160
                                     
                    Washington, DC 20009
                       
                        info@karadansky.com
                       
                Ph: 8336702474
                Party name: Women’s Declaration International USA
              
          
        
            
                Donald A. Daugherty Jr.
                
                    Counsel of Record
 
                
                
            
            
                
                    
                        Defense of Freedom Institute for Policy Studies
                    
                    
                        1455 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW
                    
                        Suite 400
                                     
                    Washington, DC 20004
                       
                        don.daugherty@dfipolicy.org
                       
                Ph: (414) 559-6902
                Party name: Defense of Freedom Institute for Policy Studies
              
          
        
            
                Deborah Dewart
                
                    Counsel of Record
 
                
                
            
            
                
                    
                    
                        111 Magnolia Lane
                                     
                    Hubert, NC 28539
                       
                        LAWYERDEBORAH@OUTLOOK.COM
                       
                Ph: 9103264554
                Party name: NC Values Institute
              
          
        
            
                Joshua Wallace Dixon
                
                    Counsel of Record
 
                
                
            
            
                
                    
                        Center for American Liberty
                    
                    
                        2145 14th Avenue, Suite 8
                                     
                    Vero Beach, FL 32960
                       
                        jdixon@libertycenter.org
                       
                Ph: (703) 687-6200
                Party name: Center for American Liberty
              
          
        
            
                Benjamin Michael Flowers
                
                    Counsel of Record
 
                
                
            
            
                
                    
                        Ashbrook Byrne Kresge Flowers LLC
                    
                    
                        PO Box 8248
                                     
                    Cincinnati, OH 45249
                       
                        bflowers@abkf.com
                       
                Ph: (513) 201-5775
                Party name: United States Conference of Catholic Bishops
              
          
        
            
                Sean Paul Gates
                
                    Counsel of Record
 
                
                
            
            
                
                    
                        Charis Lex P.C.
                    
                    
                        155 N. Lake Ave.
                    
                        Ste. 800
                                     
                    Pasadena, CA 91101
                       
                        SGATES@CHARISLEX.COM
                       
                Ph: (626) 508-1715
                Party name: Doctors of Sports Medicine
              
          
        
            
                Richard Shawn Gunnarson
                
                    Counsel of Record
 
                
                
            
            
                
                    
                        Kirton McConkie
                    
                    
                        Key Bank Tower
                    
                        36 South State Street, Suite 1900
                                     
                    Salt Lake City, UT 84111
                       
                        SGUNNARSON@KMCLAW.COM
                       
                Ph: 801-328-3600
                Party name: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, et al.
              
          
        
            
                Kyle Douglas Hawkins
                
                    Counsel of Record
 
                
                
            
            
                
                    
                        Lehotsky Keller Cohn LLP
                    
                    
                        408 West 11th Street
                    
                        Fifth Floor
                                     
                    Austin, TX 78701
                       
                        kyle@lkcfirm.com
                       
                Ph: (512) 693-8350
                Party name: Interested Sports Physiologists
              
          
        
            
                Noah Stephen Heinz
                
                    Counsel of Record
 
                
                
            
            
                
                    
                        Pak Heinz PLLC
                    
                    
                        20 F Street NW
                    
                        7th Floor
                                     
                    Washington, DC 20001
                       
                        noah.heinz@pakheinz.com
                       
                Ph: (202) 505-6354
                Party name: American Principles Project, Paula Scanlan, and Brooke Blom
              
          
        
            
                Emily Eileen Jones
                
                    Counsel of Record
 
                
                
            
            
                
                    
                        Jones Law Firm. PLLC
                    
                    
                        115 N. Broadway, Suite 410
                                     
                    Billings, MT 59101
                       
                        emily@joneslawmt.com
                       
                Ph: 4063847990
                Party name: Five Female Olympic Rowers
              
          
        
            
                Brian Kirk Kelsey
                
                    Counsel of Record
 
                
                
            
            
                
                    
                        America First Policy Institute
                    
                    
                        1455 Pennsylvania Ave., NW
                    
                        Suite 225
                                     
                    Washington, DC 20004
                       
                        bkelsey@americafirstpolicy.com
                       
                Ph: 202-503-4305
                Party name: Six High School Athletes
              
          
        
            
                Edmund Gerard LaCour Jr.
                
                    Counsel of Record
 
                
                
            
            
                
                    
                        Office of the Attorney General
                    
                    
                        501 Washington Ave
                                     
                    Montgomery, AL 36130
                       
                        EDMUND.LACOUR@ALABAMAAG.GOV
                       
                Ph: 334-242-7300
                Party name: Alabama, Arkansas, and 24 Other States
              
          
        
            
                Christopher E. Mills
                
                    Counsel of Record
 
                
                
            
            
                
                    
                        Spero Law LLC
                    
                    
                        557 East Bay Street #22251
                                     
                    Charleston, SC 29413
                       
                        cmills@spero.law
                       
                Ph: 8436060640
                Party name: Concerned Women for America and Samaritan's Purse
              
          
        
            
                Jonathan F. Mitchell
                
                    Counsel of Record
 
                
                
            
            
                
                    
                        Mitchell Law PLLC
                    
                    
                        111 Congress Avenue
                    
                        Suite 400
                                     
                    Austin, TX 78701
                       
                        jonathan@mitchell.law
                       
                Ph: (512) 686-3940
                Party name: America First Legal Foundation
              
          
        
            
                Nicholas J. Nelson
                
                    Counsel of Record
 
                
                
            
            
                
                    
                        CrossCastle PLLC
                    
                    
                        2140 4th Avenue North
                                     
                    Anoka, MN 55303
                       
                        nicholas.nelson@crosscastle.com
                       
                Ph: 612-887-4360
                Party name: Rep. Barbara Ehardt of Idaho, et al.
              
          
        
            
                Tim Newton
                
                    Counsel of Record
 
                
                
            
            
                
                    
                        Murphy and Grantland, P.A.
                    
                    
                        Post Office Box 6648
                                     
                    Columbia, SC 29260
                       
                        TNEWTON@MURPHYGRANTLAND.COM
                       
                Ph: 803-782-4100
                Party name: American Association of Christian Schools, et al.
              
          
        
            
                William Jeffrey Olson
                
                    Counsel of Record
 
                
                
            
            
                
                    
                        William J. Olson, P.C.
                    
                    
                        370 Maple Ave. W., Suite 4
                                     
                    Vienna, VA 22180
                       
                        WJO@MINDSPRING.COM
                       
                Ph: 7033565070
                Party name: America's Future, Public Advocate of the United States, Public Advocate Foundation, Clare Boothe Luce Center for Conservative Women, U.S. Constitutional Rights Legal Defense Fund, One Nation Under God Foundation, and Conservative Legal Defense and Education Fund
              
          
        
            
                William Jeffrey Olson
                
                    Counsel of Record
 
                
                
            
            
                
                    
                        William J. Olson, P.C.
                    
                    
                        370 Maple Ave. W., Suite 4
                                     
                    Vienna, VA 22180
                       
                        WJO@MINDSPRING.COM
                       
                Ph: 7033565070
                Party name: America's Future, Public Advocate of the United States, Eagle Forum, Eagle Forum Foundation, Clare Boothe Luce Center for Cons. Women, Leadership Institute, U.S. Constitutional Rights Legal Def. Fund, Fitzgerald Griffin Foundation, One Nation Under God Foundation, and Conservative Legal Def. and Education Fund
              
          
        
            
                Autumn Hamit Patterson
                
                    Counsel of Record
 
                
                
            
            
                
                    
                        Office of the Arkansas Attorney General
                    
                    
                        101 West Capitol Avenue
                                     
                    Little Rock, AR 72201
                       
                        autumn.patterson@arkansasag.gov
                       
                Ph: 5016826302
                Party name: State of Arkansas
              
          
        
            
                Joshua Kerry Payne
                
                    Counsel of Record
 
                
                
            
            
                
                    
                        Campbell Miller Payne, PLLC
                    
                    
                        5955 Alpha Road #1491
                                     
                    Dallas, TX 75240
                       
                        josh@cmppllc.com
                       
                Ph: 214-316-7156
                Party name: Billy Burleigh, KathyGrace Duncan, Laura Perry Smalts, and Jane Smith
              
          
        
            
                Jonathan Zak Ritchie
                
                    Counsel of Record
 
                
                
            
            
                
                    
                        Hissam Forman Donovan Ritchie PLLC
                    
                    
                        700 Virginia Street East, Suite 210
                                     
                    Charleston, WV 25301
                       
                        zritchie@hfdrlaw.com
                       
                Ph: 6812653802
                Party name: Dr. Daniel Kodsi, Mr. John Maier, Prof. Robert George and 21 Other Philosophers
              
          
        
            
                Gene Clayton Schaerr
                
                    Counsel of Record
 
                
                
            
            
                
                    
                        Schaerr | Jaffe
                    
                    
                        1717 K Street NW, Suite 900
                                     
                    Washington, DC 20006
                       
                        GSCHAERR@SCHAERR-JAFFE.COM
                       
                Ph: 202-787-1060
                Party name: Independent Women's Law Center
              
          
        
            
                Justin Daniel Smith
                
                    Counsel of Record
 
                
                
            
            
                
                    
                        James Otis Law Group, LLC
                    
                    
                        530 Maryville Centre Drive, Suite 230
                                     
                    St. Louis, MO 63141
                       
                        Justin.Smith@james-otis.com
                       
                Ph: 8166782103
                Party name: President of the Arizona State Senate Warren Petersen and Speaker of the Arizona House of Representatives Steve Montenegro
              
          
        
            
                Timothy Ray Snowball
                
                    Counsel of Record
 
                
                
            
            
                
                    
                        Legal Insurrection Foundation
                    
                    
                        18 Maple Avenue 280
                                     
                    Barrington, RI 02806
                       
                        tim@legalinsurrection.com
                       
                Ph: (401) 246-4192
                Party name: Equal Protection Project
              
          
        
            
                Anna Elizabeth Wagner St. John
                
                    Counsel of Record
 
                
                
            
            
                
                    
                        Hamilton Lincoln Law Institute
                    
                    
                        1629 K St. NW Suite 300
                                     
                    Washington, DC 20006
                       
                        anna.stjohn@hlli.org
                       
                Ph: 9173272392
                Party name: 35 Athletic Officials and Coaches of Female Athletes
              
          
        
            
                Nancy Karoline Stade
                
                    Counsel of Record
 
                
                
            
            
                
                    
                        Women's Liberation Front
                    
                    
                        1930 18th Street NW Ste B2 #2036
                                     
                    Washington, DC 20009
                       
                        boardtreasurer@womensliberationfront.org
                       
                Ph: (202) 507-9475
                Party name: Women's Liberation Front
              
          
        
            
                Mathew D. Staver
                
                    Counsel of Record
 
                
                
            
            
                
                    
                    
                        109 Second St., NE
                                     
                    Washington, DC 20002
                       
                        COURT@LC.ORG
                       
                Ph: (202) 289-1776
                Party name: Liberty Counsel
              
          
        
            
                Judd Edward Stone II
                
                    Counsel of Record
 
                
                
            
            
                
                    
                        Stone | Hilton PLLC
                    
                    
                        600 Congress Ave.
                    
                        Suite 2350
                                     
                    Austin, TX 78701
                       
                        judd@stonehilton.com
                       
                Ph: (737) 465-3897
                Party name: President Pro Tempore of the Idaho Senate Kelly Anthon and Speaker of the Idaho House of Representatives Mike Moyle
              
          
        
            
                Michelle Shamblin Stratton
                
                    Counsel of Record
 
                
                
            
            
                
                    
                        Murphy Ball Stratton LLP
                    
                    
                        1001 Fannin St., Ste. 720
                                     
                    Houston, TX 77002
                       
                        mstratton@mbssmartlaw.com
                       
                Ph: 832-726-8321
                Party name: Sport Scientists
              
          
        
            
                John Clay Sullivan
                
                    Counsel of Record
 
                
                
            
            
                
                    
                        S|L Law PLLC
                    
                    
                        610 Uptown Boulevard, Suite 2000
                                     
                    Cedar Hill, TX 75104
                       
                        john.sullivan@slfirm.com
                       
                Ph: 4695231351
                Party name: Sex Matters
              
          
        
            
                David H. Thompson
                
                    Counsel of Record
 
                
                
            
            
                
                    
                        Cooper & Kirk, PLLC
                    
                    
                        1523 New Hampshire Avenue, N.W.
                                     
                    Washington, DC 20036
                       
                        DTHOMPSON@COOPERKIRK.COM
                       
                Ph: 202-220-9600
                Party name: Do No Harm
              
          
        
            
                Edward Howard Trent
                
                    Counsel of Record
 
                
                
            
            
                
                    
                        Schaerr Jaffe LLP
                    
                    
                        1717 K Street NW
                    
                        Suite 900
                                     
                    Washington, DC 20006
                       
                        etrent@schaerr-jaffe.com
                       
                Ph: 2027871060
                Party name: The American College of Pediatricians
              
          
        
            
                William Wagner
                
                    Counsel of Record
 
                
                
            
            
                
                    
                        Great Lakes Justice Center
                    
                    
                        5600 West Mount Hope Hwy
                                     
                    Lansing, MI 48917
                       
                        PROF.WWJD@GMAIL.COM
                       
                Ph: 517-643-1765
                Party name: Dr. Brent Ellis, President Spring Arbor University and The Wagner Center
              
          
        
            
                Randall L. Wenger
                
                    Counsel of Record
 
                
                
            
            
                
                    
                        Independence Law Center
                    
                    
                        23 N. Front Street, First Floor
                                     
                    Harrisburg, PA 17101
                       
                        rwenger@indlawcenter.org
                       
                Ph: 717-657-4990
                Party name: Pennsylvania School Board Directors
              
          
        
            
                John Marc Wheat
                
                    Counsel of Record
 
                
                
            
            
                
                    
                        Advancing American Freedom, Inc.
                    
                    
                        801 Pennsylvania Ave., NW
                    
                        Suite 930
                                     
                    Washington, DC 20004-2729
                       
                        MWHEAT@ADVANCINGAMERICANFREEDOM.COM
                       
                Ph: (202) 780-4848
                Party name: Advancing American Freedom, Inc.
              
          
        
            
                Jonathan Radford Whitehead
                
                    Counsel of Record
 
                
                
            
            
                
                    
                        Law Offices of Jonathan R. Whitehead, LLC
                    
                    
                        229 SE Douglas St., Ste 210
                                     
                    Lee's Summit, MO 64063
                       
                        JON@WHITEHEADLAWLLC.COM
                       
                Ph: 18163988305
                Party name: Business Leaders
              
          
        
            
                Edward Charles Wilde
                
                    Counsel of Record
 
                
                
            
            
                
                    
                        Overing Morales Professional Law Corporation
                    
                    
                        790 E. Colorado Blvd., Ste. 320
                                     
                    Pasadena, CA 91101
                       
                        ewilde@digitalmedialaw.com
                       
                Ph: 6265648600
                Party name: Dr. Mark Regnerus